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Behaviour Problems

Leash Reactivity

Leash reactivity is one of the most frustrating behaviour problems for dog owners. Your dog may be fine off-leash or at home — but the moment the leash goes on, they bark, lunge and pull at every dog, person or stimulus they see.

Why dogs react on leash

The leash fundamentally changes how a dog can respond to their environment. Off-leash, a dog has the option to approach, retreat or avoid. On-leash, those options are removed — and the dog is forced to confront stimuli at distances they may not be comfortable with.

This creates a perfect storm for reactivity. The dog can't escape, can't approach on their own terms, and often feels the tension of the handler through the leash. Over time, the dog learns that barking and lunging "works" — the scary thing moves away, or the handler turns around.

Leash reactivity is not a reflection of a "bad dog" or poor training. It is a predictable outcome of an emotional state (fear, frustration or over-arousal) combined with the physical constraint of the leash.

Common presentations

Barking and lunging at other dogs on walks
Pulling hard towards or away from triggers
Spinning, jumping or biting the leash
Fixating on stimuli from a distance
Inability to disengage once aroused
Redirecting frustration onto the handler or leash
Fine off-leash but reactive on-leash

Understanding the motivation

Fear-based

The dog is trying to create distance. Barking and lunging are defensive — the goal is to make the threat go away. These dogs often show avoidance behaviours before the reaction.

Frustration-based

The dog wants to get to the stimulus but can't. Common in dogs who are social and friendly off-leash but become frantic when restrained. The leash itself becomes the source of frustration.

Over-arousal

The dog becomes so stimulated that they lose the ability to think clearly or respond to cues. The environment is simply too much for their current coping capacity.

How we help

Effective treatment of leash reactivity requires identifying the underlying motivation and working systematically to change the dog's emotional response to triggers. This is not about correcting the dog — it's about helping them feel differently about the things that trigger them.

1

Assessment

Identify triggers, thresholds, and whether the reactivity is fear-based, frustration-based or arousal-driven.

2

Management

Adjust walk routes, timing and equipment to reduce trigger exposure during treatment.

3

Sub-threshold work

Controlled exposure to triggers at distances where the dog can remain calm, gradually decreasing distance over time.

4

Handler skills

Teaching you how to read your dog's body language, manage distance, and respond effectively in real-world situations.

Walks don't have to be stressful

Leash reactivity is one of the most treatable behaviour problems. Contact us to discuss your dog's behaviour and start making progress.

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